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HEALTH TIPS

The Happiness Boomerang

Last year, I spent the school year — from September through May — doing a new happiness project. I wanted to identify the small, realistic changes I could make to my life that would make me happier at home. After all, my experience of our apartment and all that it embodied was the foundation of my life.

For me, my sense of "home" also included my neighborhood. To cultivate a true sense of neighborliness, I recognized, I needed to extend my attention beyond my apartment building and my own circle of acquaintances. But how?


A few years ago, I set out to "imitate a spiritual master" in an effort to understand myself better. I identified my spiritual master as St. Thérèse of Lisieux — perhaps a curious choice, given that I'm not Catholic. I was haunted by different lines from her spiritual memoir, Story of a Soul, such as "When one loves, one does not calculate." My fascination with St. Thérèse was so deep that I'd become interested in the other spiritual masters in the Thérèse chain — the Renaissance-period Teresa of Ávila, the great reformer, founder, and mystic; and the contemporary Mother Teresa, who worked tirelessly with the "poorest of the poor" in Calcutta and elsewhere.
As I read about Mother Teresa, I was particularly struck by a single line: When a person begged to join her mission or asked how to imitate the example of her life, she admonished, "Find your own Calcutta." Which I took to mean: Find your own cause, your own way to serve others. Just as she'd experienced a "call within a call" that had guided her to a particular kind of work, others should discover what cause moved them to action and where their work could be useful. I wanted to find my own Calcutta.
About one-quarter of Americans volunteer, and of those, a third volunteer for more than a hundred hours each year. (Believe it or not, that kind of commitment requires just two hours a week.) Volunteering to help others is the right thing to do, and it also boosts personal happiness; research shows that people who aid the causes they value tend to be happier and in better health, and that they show fewer signs of physical and mental aging. And it's not just that helpful people also tend to be healthier and happier; helping others causes happiness. "Be selfless, if only for selfish reasons," as one of my happiness paradoxes holds.

But while it's absolutely true that helping other people makes us happier, and that people feel a real "helper's high," it's also true that when people are unhappy, they often find it tough to help others. If they did help, they'd probably feel happier, but unhappy people often become preoccupied with their own problems and don't have the emotional reserves to turn outward. By contrast, happy people volunteer more, give away more money, and naturally take an interest in others.

I've observed this in myself. As my life became happier, I became more eager to find ways to help other people. To me, Mother Teresa's admonition to "find [my] own Calcutta" directed me to find a cause that demanded my interest, attention, and abilities. Already in my life there was a cause that moved me with particular force, I realized: organ donation.

When my husband was 8 years old, he had a heart operation and picked up hepatitis C from the blood transfusion — which means his liver is under constant surreptitious attack. We hope his liver will last forever, but it might not. He's outwardly perfectly healthy now and may never need a liver transplant. But because of the possibility of his needing one, I developed a deep interest in the issue of organ donation. A few years ago, in fact, I became involved with the New York Organ Donor Network (NYODN), the organ-procurement organization that manages the clinical process of organ donation, coordinates donor matches, and helps donor families.

My time with this organization has taught me a great deal about the challenges of organ donation. The United States has a huge unmet need for organs for transplant, and the NYODN tries in manifold ways to address this issue. One of their initiatives: Work to encourage more people to sign up as organ donors on the donor registry. In New York State, where I live, 83% of people support organ donation, but only 15% have actually taken the step to sign the registry. This step is important: When families confront the issue of whether to donate a loved one's organs, it's helpful for them to know if the person wanted that.

Dear Angie: The oven of my gas range takes a really long time to preheat. Sometimes, I’ll leave it on for an hour and it doesn’t heat up at all. Is it unsafe to do that and what could be wrong with my oven? – T.M., No city given
Dear T.M.: The likely issue is a weak or failing oven igniter.
Heat resistance igniters can lose resistance as they get hot over time and won’t send enough resistance to the gas valve to allow the main valve to come on.
This intermittent starting can happen when the igniter is getting weak and before it goes completely out. If it doesn’t draw enough amperage, the igniter won’t send out the gas needed to light the oven. This is a very common problem in ovens and the repair typically costs around $150, though that can vary depending on the type and brand of oven you have.
It’s worth noting that some manufacturers have gone to a spark ignition system instead of heat resistance ignition. A common problem with spark igniters is when the igniter fails to generate a spark. A qualified technician can tell you what type of igniter you have and can diagnose if the problem is related to the igniter.
As with any appliance that is not operating properly, especially a gas appliance, this issue could possibly cause an unsafe condition and you should have it repaired by a qualified appliance repair professional as soon as possible. A weak igniter could lead to ignition problems, improper gas flame, or high carbon dioxide emission from gas ovens. Most gas ovens should heat to 350-degrees in about 7-to-8 minutes.
Talk to your repair professional ahead of his or her visit and describe the brand of oven you have and the problem. That will help them ensure they have the parts needed for the repair when they come out to your home, so they won’t have to make another trip, which could delay the repair and increase the cost. Most appliance repair companies will also waive their service call charge if you hire them to make the repair.
17 Day Diet or Diet 17 Day was to be the talk of the country Uncle Sam. It is said that with only 17 days, weight loss can be achieved. Really that simple?
17 Day Diet is a cycle of carbohydrate diet created by Dr. Mike Moreno, a family physician in California.
The new diet was originally designed to help people lose weight after the holidays, but really how this diet can be followed at all times throughout the year to rapidly, lose weight and keep it ideal.
As with the other diet, 17 Day diet begins by restricting carbohydrates and calories to lose weight quickly, then slowly incorporate ‘good carbs’ back into the body.
“I think this diet is probably the only diet that works for everyone,” explains Dr Moreno in his book, as reported by Fox News on Monday (4/25/2011).
Many think the way these diet people can lose weight in 17 days. In fact, 17 Day diet consists of a series of cycles. Each cycle takes 17 days.
Each cycle will replace what foods you should eat. Dr. Moreno says a people can lose weight 4.5 kg to 5.4 kg in the first 17 days.
17 Day diet to follow the diet of carbohydrates, but it differs from other low-carb diets. This approach was taken for 17 days of the cycle known as the carbohydrate cycle
This diet requires the consumption of carbohydrates based on the phase adjustment is being followed. Some stages are very limited intake of carbohydrates, while another phase allows a higher carbohydrate diet. This is similar to the shift in calories but focus on carbohydrate intake.
Dr. Moreno suggests that the shift amount of carbohydrates you eat will confuse your metabolism and may contribute to weight loss faster.
How do I make 17 Day Diet?
17 Day diet consists of four cycles of 17 days. All cycles have in common is to avoid sugar and processed foods. The fourth phase of the cycle is accelerating, turn, reach and phase arrives.
  • Phase ‘speed’
    The first phase of the diet phase of accelerating, dramatically reducing carbohydrates. This approach will lose weight rapidly and increase fat burning.
  • Phase ‘enable’
    Phase of the cycle turn introduced carbohydrates. The goal is to reset a sluggish metabolism to encourage weight loss and continue to provide the support necessary to avoid excessive weight loss.
  • Phase of the ‘reach’
    Phase before reaching adding restricted foods back to the original menu option. This stage is designed to help dieters learn how to build healthy eating habits for life.
  • Phase ‘arrived’
    Arriving is the final phase of the plan 17 Day Diet. It is designed to help people maintain weight for life. It is encouraging healthy eating throughout the week and leave little room for ‘fun’ at the weekend.
Exercise 17 minutes :
Along with the cycle of the carbohydrate eating plan, this diet recommends 17 minutes of exercise routine should be done six days a week.
What are the benefits and drawbacks?
Here are some of the benefits and shortcomings of the 17 Day Diet, as reported by lovetoknow, Monday (4/25/2011).
Benefit :
  • Take an approach that encourages healthy eating natural foods.
  • Different cycles of 17 days allow for a change to a diet can help relieve the boredom that often sets in the long-term diet.
  • This diet is not complicated and easy to understand.
  • Offer’s ideas for meal plan include foods that are low carb recipes.
  • Exercise is recommended in this diet only takes 17 minutes.
shortage :
  • Caloric intake may be too low for active people.
  • This diet is unsuitable for diabetics.
  • This diet may not be suitable for people who are prone to eating disorders such as irregular eating patterns.
 Top 30 Health Tips
 A garlic a day: Garlic is the mother of all cures. Researchers in Liverpool have found that 5ml of garlic extract lower levels of a disease-causing chemical by up to 48 per cent.
 Eat wholegrain foods: Make sure you have whole-grain bread, rice or pasta at least four times a week and you will reduce the chance of having cancer by 40 per cent.
 Take care of your skin: Always wear sun-screen lotion during summers. It is advisable to use winter care creams to overcome the harsh and cold winds. The best cure is to smile through and your skin will shine with an extra dash. It's no big secret!
 Eat plenty of fish: Fish is the recommended diet for a longer healthier life. Studies have found that those who regularly ate fish were up to one-third less likely to get heart diesease than those who ate it less than once a month.
 Try Tea: Tea is always good. Being a heavy tea-drinker can never have nagative effects. The protective effects of tea increase with the amount drunk, and people who are regular tea drinkers are the least likely to die of a heart attack.
 Stop smoking: Do not smoke your health away. Nicotine pathces, gums or inhalers might work for some individuals, or other methods, from hypnosis to acupuncture. More you are to smoke, more likely your are to develop cancer or heart disease.
 Walk for Health: There is nothing better than walking. Walking a mile everyday, or taking reasonable exercise three times a week, promises to reduce the risk of heart disease, as well as strengthens bones and keeps them strong.
Buy a blood pressure instrument to monitor your B.P. before and after the walk.
 Never sleep over a backache: It is never advisable to sleep over a backache. Research shows that people who take to their beds with backache take the longest time to recover. Those who avoid bed-rest and continue normal activities as much as possible have less pain.
 Water spells health: Water flushes out the toxins. A good amount of liquid intake helps the entire system and of course is best for curing skin ailments. The average man needs 2.9 litres, or about 12 cups of water, a day and woman needs about 2.2 litres.
 Stop bad breath: You can prevent that unfriendly odour. It is caused by oral bacteria. A toungue scraper may help, but dental care may be needed. Mouth rinses are effective, as are flossing and brushing teeth twice a day.
 Slow down on the junk: Research shows that eating too many high-fat-food contributes to high blood-cholestrol levels, which can cause hardening of the arteries, coronory heart disease and stroke.
 Cut back on salt: Health Organisation recommend no more than five grams a day. Too much salt can lead to stroke and heart problems.
 Drink wine: Research suggests that the equivalent of a couple of glasses of wine a day may be good for health. It can also help you keep a good mental frame.
 Spouse can matter: A man in poor health in his 50s is six times more likely to be affected if married to a woman who is also in poor health.
 Eat right for better teeth: Your pearly whites can gleam. Eat apples, oranges, celery, carrots and high fiber green.
 Make love: There is no better medicine than to have sex. people who have sex at least twice a week get protective boost from their immune systems. Of course it relaxes the mind.
 Crash diets don't work: The so called new-age diets do not add to health prospects. There is no easy way to lose weight so the best way is to do it over a period of time.
 Coffee is good: Researchers have found that two to four cups of coffee daily can lower the risk of colon cancer by 25 per cent.
 Being overweight is dangerous: Loose the extra kilos. Over weight people cut 20 weeks of their life for every excess kilogram, according to new research.Keeping a personal weight machine at home really helps. Buy one now!
 Supplement with selenium: Research has shown that people who took a daily supplement of selenium had a 37 per cent reduction in cancers.
 Lower you cholesterol: Work on reducing your cholestrol. This can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke even when your level is not high. Exercise to reduce weight.
 Asprin is a wonder drug: Asprin can actually do wonders. It helps to reduce the risk of conditions such as heart disease and cancers, including of the colon, oesophagus, stomach, rectum, prostrate. cent.
 Change your job: If the workplace is what bothers you. Simply quit! Consider becoming a salesperson. Salespeople are least likely to have a work-related illness.
 Socialising is good: Meeting friends and relatives is recommended. Weekly socialising improves the memory, concentration and problem solving skills.
 Learn to relax: Unwind, take up a hobby and start socialising. This fights stress and depression.
 Fruits and vegetables help: Have at least five portions of vegetables and fruit a day, especially tomatoes, red grapes.
 Sing to stay healthy: Singing is good for the mind and body. it is relaxing, improves breathing and muscle tone.
 Vitamins are vital: A multivit a day keeps the tablet away, but be sure it contains at least 200 meg of folic acid.
 Sleep well: There is nothing like a good sleep. Sleep primes the immune system. Most people need between seven and nine hours of sleep a night.
 Or just hum...: Humming helps. Daily humming is a good way to increase ventilation in the sinuses.
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MOBILES

How to Buy a Mobile Phone

Work doesn't stop just because you've left the office. If anything, you just multitask more. So it's critical to get a mobile phone that can work as hard as you do. Today's business handsets have made a massive evolutionary leap from the simple pocket talkers of yore, offering surprisingly effective solutions for managing your calendar, your contacts, and even your business data, no matter where you are. There is no single greatest handset for all users, but with a little bit of forethought, you can easily choose the best phone and service plan for your own business needs.

Smart Phones

Built explicitly for business users, these intelligent mobiles make quick work of e-mail, Web surfing, and business data.
BlackBerry The standard bearers of business phones, RIM BlackBerry handsets are defined by their intuitive keypads and smart, stable software. Because of their wide adoption among large corporations, BlackBerrys integrate easily into business networks of all sizes. Every major cellular provider offers at least a few BlackBerry options, complete with e-mail and data services that let you easily synchronize the handset with PCs and servers back at the office. Traditional BlackBerrys, such as the 8700 series, sport spacious QWERTY keypads for quick thumb typing, while the smaller Pearl models use a technology called SureType to allow fast typing with multiple letters assigned to each key.

Windows Mobile Rapidly gaining ground among business users, Windows Mobile devices such as the Motorola Q are designed to offer a familiar Windows-style appearance for business users, along with simple data syncing with Microsoft Outlook. Like BlackBerry, Windows Mobile offers a variety of network-side connectivity options so a small company with just a few handsets can grow into a large company with a fleet of handsets without having to throw away all the phones in the process.
Palm Palm Treo smart phones maintain a prominent place among business handsets, thanks in large part to their simple interface. In recent years, Palm has extended its offerings to include Windows Mobile as an option, and also offers BlackBerry Connect service, which makes it a viable choice for larger business networks.

Symbian Less known in North America than in Europe, Symbian is the primary operating system used on Nokia smart phones. It is powerful and versatile, with a variety of options for integration with business networks, although North American small business users will find it more challenging to implement than either BlackBerry or Windows Mobile, because it simply enjoys a smaller market share here--and therefore, fewer support options--than its competitors.
iPhone In June, Apple made its first foray into the world of mobile phones with the iPhone, a svelte smart phone that integrates e-mail, a Web browser, and an iPod into one device. It remains to be seen whether the entertainment-centric iPhone will make the jump into the business world, but it's certainly a promising platform.


Linux The open source Linux operating system is enjoying rapid growth on cell phones, although it has yet to break into the world of business smart phones. Currently a number of initiatives are in the works to create phones as powerful and versatile as the BlackBerry, but they have yet to materialize in the marketplace. It will, however, be interesting to watch as companies like Motorola apply more effort to Linux development on phones.
A Note About Camera Phones Nearly every cell phone on the market today includes a small camera, usually of fairly low quality, built into its chassis. This can spell trouble for businesses that place a premium on protecting their trade secrets, and it's worth considering this problem if you're planning to hand smart phones to your workforce. Fortunately, many of the premium handsets mentioned above are available in both camera-equipped and cameraless models.

Technologies

Your phone's performance in the field will depend largely on the technology it uses to connect. Here's a look at the leading technologies.
GSM/EDGE/UMTS The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) is the leading cellular technology worldwide. In North America, it is used by AT&T and T-Mobile. GSM phones use small data cards, called SIM cards, to store information about the user's account, which makes it easy to upgrade to a new phone. Just pop your SIM card out of your old phone and into your new phone, and you can start talking right away. For high-speed data services, GSM phones commonly use a technology called EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). EDGE phones typically offer a maximum data rate of around 236Kbps, which is slow by 3G (third-generation) cellular standards. For this reason, EDGE is not generally considered a 3G technology.
In addition to EDGE, GSM networks also sometimes use a faster technology called UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) for genuine 3G data rates of up to 3.6Mbps, which is quite fast. To reach the higher UMTS data rates, you must have a newer device that uses the HDSPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) protocol. Unfortunately, UMTS deployment has been slow in many parts of North America, so it's still not available in all areas.
CDMA/EV-DO The other major cellular technology is Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), which is used by Sprint and Verizon Wireless. Unlike GSM phones, CDMA handsets are hard-coded with a unique ID number that is recognized by the network to allow connections, so there is no SIM card. The 3G data technology for CDMA phones in North America is called Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO). EV-DO offers data rates of up to 3.1Mbps. Unlike UMTS, EV-DO data service is nearly ubiquitous throughout all major American metro areas.

Carriers

Choosing the right cellular carrier will is critical to ensure quality connectivity for your business travels. Here's what you can expect from the major U.S. carriers.
AT&T Formerly known as Cingular, AT&T is one of the two largest carriers in the U.S. Its GSM-based network uses predominantly EDGE data service, which is generally slower than the EV-DO service offered by Sprint and Verizon Wireless. However, the company has been rolling out a faster UMTS for a couple of years now. Only two AT&T phones feature the faster UMTS data service. In general, AT&T's EDGE data plans tend to cost significantly more than the EV-DO plans offered by Verizon Wireless and Sprint. International roaming agreements make it easy to take your AT&T GSM phone abroad without missing important calls.
Verizon Wireless Matching AT&T in size and coverage, the Verizon Wireless network is based on CDMA and EV-DO technology. Verizon's EV-DO handset selection is impressive, and includes about ten offerings for BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, and Palm OS. Because CDMA is less broadly adopted in Europe and Asia than in the U.S., traveling abroad can be more problematic with Verizon handsets, although the company does offer some handsets that work on both CDMA and GSM networks.
Sprint Following its merger with Nextel, Sprint has arisen as a major force in the cellular world, and now offers a large 3G EV-DO data network with about nine smart phone offerings for BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, and Palm users. Like Verizon, Sprint's phones can pose problems for international travelers, but the company does offer special phone loans for overseas trips. Of the three leading companies, Sprint has the most confusing billing plans, although service costs for voice and data are roughly comparable to Verizon.
T-Mobile More focused on home users than businesses, T-Mobile's GSM offers EDGE data services over roughly 75 percent of the company's service area. While T-Mobile does boast a few good business smart phones, including BlackBerry and Windows Mobile handsets, it remains less focused on the needs of business users than its three major competitors. The company does not offer any true 3G data service.

Mobile E-Mail

Whether you have five employees or 50,000, you have several options for getting your e-mail on your mobile phone.
POP3 The most common type of mail server is the POP3 server. If your small business hosts its Internet services through a third-party provider, chances are this is the type of server you use. All true smart phones feature a POP3 mail client, which you can easily configure by entering the address of your server, your username, and your password. POP3 clients connect to the server at regular intervals (or manually, when you tap the Send/Receive button) to check for new mail and send out your messages.
Exchange Medium-size to large businesses often use Microsoft Exchange to manage e-mail and calendars together. This powerful server application makes it easy for workers to share calendars, automatically schedule appointments, and manage shared company resources such as conference rooms. Many smart phones support Exchange servers, which lets them automatically sync all of your calendar, contact, and mail data through one connection. As you might expect, Exchange support tends to be particularly good on Windows Mobile devices.
BlackBerry Known for innovating "push" technology, BlackBerry e-mail uses a specialized server (either on the Internet or on your business network) to push incoming e-mail straight to your handset when it comes in, rather than make you wait until your phone syncs up with the server. BlackBerry Internet Service is most commonly managed through your wireless carrier, although some larger companies manage their own BlackBerry enterprise servers.
Proprietary Sync Systems In addition to the technologies described above, some wireless carriers also offer their own services to sync e-mail and other data to your mobile device. Verizon Wireless offers Wireless Sync, AT&T offers XPress Mail, and various other options are also available. These services often involve installing an application on your desktop PC, which then relays information over the Internet to your handset, keeping your Outlook schedule, contacts, and e-mail in sync between the PC and the phone.

Data Services

Business handsets offer a variety of data connections to keep you in touch with the Internet and your office.
Internet All phones today, from the most feature-laden smart phones on down to the simplest slim handsets, offer Internet access for the Web and messaging. The quality of that Internet experience will depend entirely on the size and resolution of the screen, the quality of the keypad and controls, and the speed of the data connection. If you select a handset with a fast UMTS/HDSPA or EV-DO connection, your mobile Web surfing will likely be just as fast as what you're accustomed to at the office.

VPN If you have a Virtual Private Network (VPN) set up at your office, you can access it through a smart phone. Many devices come with a VPN client application pre-installed, making it easy to configure your device for secure access to your network's servers. This is particularly useful when you need to grab an important file while you're away from the office, and you don't have time to boot a laptop.
Wi-Fi Increasingly, mobile handsets are beginning to offer Wi-Fi connections for data services. This lets you surf at high speed without having to go through your cellular carrier's network. It also means you can access any servers on your network as if you were at your desk.

And you thought buying a smartphone was easy? Apparently not! The amount of innovation we have seen over the last one-year has taken smartphones into a completely different league. So much so that even smartphones just about 12 months old now seem archaic. And not smart enough. Worst-case scenario, not powerful enough!

Not only the hardware, the software bit has seen a huge battle as well. Apple’s iOS and Google’s Android are going at it hammer and tongs. Research in Motion is trying its best to make the Blackberry OS as slick as the rivals. Microsoft is hoping that the Windows Phone 7.5 (Mango) update will revive its fortunes. And the same story with Symbian- Anna gets a service pack as well but the real wait is on for the Belle.
However, if you are in the market to buy a smartphone for yourself, what do you buy? Well, first you need to figure out what phone fits you best. Which is why we have divided this buying guide in terms of user demographic, making it easier for you to identify which category you fall in.

Basic user/ Old- school type
Best OS for you: Symbian and Blackberry still rock!
Why we recommend this:
  • Familiar UI makes getting used to new phone quicker
  • No steep learning curve
  • You wont get lost in the application ecosystem!
If you are a bit like my dad and still believe that the smartphone is primarily a phone and believe familiarity is a critical criterion, you would be best suited off buying either a Symbian smartphone, or a Blackberry. What you get with both these OSes is a UI (user interface) that is relatively similar to the previous versions, and even the versions before that- for they have been around for donkeys’ years! For someone who doesn’t want a smartphone to be a learning curve, or isn't willing to spend time getting the hang of a newer OS, familiarity is the best option. The app ecosystem isn't very wide for Symbian and Blackberry, but then again, we don’t assume you would be interested in downloading too many apps anyway!
Here as well, you will get a choice of touchscreen only, touchscreen+ QWERTY and QWERTY only phones.

The absolute geek/ Lives on ‘nightly’ builds
Best OS for you: Android mostly, and partly Apple iOS.
Why we recommend this:
  • Completely customizable software
  • Phone can be shifted to “unofficial” OS builds, offering maybe better performance
  • Can add more functionality to unofficial OS with apps
  • Over-clocking the smartphone is becoming a rage!
We believe that you are the typical user who wants to tinker with the phone’s software, quite a bit. That’ll include lots of apps, rooting/jail breaking (though we don’t approve of it), and custom software, over-clocking- the works. While we do not advice you to do this as it creates issues with the warranty, those of you who must do it will do it! Which is why Android is the best option for you. You can get hundreds of custom ROMs on the Internet that you can install on your phone. The process isn't simple, but the geeks are doing it.

It can also be done with the iOS, following a simpler process. But then again, with Android, you get a wider variety of phones at multiple price points.

The no nonsense user/ no compromise on user experience either
Best OS for you: Apple iOS. And why not check out the Windows Phone Mango?
Why we recommend this:
  • iOS sets the benchmark in terms of user experience
  • WP7 isn't far behind, from what we have experienced with WP 7.5
  • Touchscreen experience will be the best around
  • You get a lot of apps as well, if you want to use them.
Well, the iOS (okay, Android fanboys will probably be sharpening their knives at the moment!) does offer possibly the best blend of functionality, performance and a slick user experience. If you want a phone that does everything, we suggest you check out the Apple iPhone. With the 3GS starting around Rs 19k, the entry price barrier has come down considerably.

Windows Phone 7, post the Mango update, does look like a very neat package. While it is still to really catch on, we quite like the updated OS. The fact that the performance of the OS isn’t lagging, even on a phone with 512MB of RAM does help a graphic intensive, yet easy to navigate UI.

The Business user/ Black suit serious types
Best OS for you: Blackberry mostly, and partly Symbian.
Why we recommend this:
  • Physical QWERTY keypad is an absolute must for you.
  • An added touchscreen capability is okay, but not a must have.
  • Blackberry devices handle emails the best, arguably.
What you want is simplicity but will not compromise on features. You have the daily staple diet of emails, lots of messages, a bit of web browsing and a considerable amount of calls. Ideally, a phone with a QWERTY keypad will suit you the best - immense help when typing those long mails and messages.

Blackberry smartphones are possibly the benchmark, and the Nokia E- series phones are a solid alternative. You will probably have to buy a Blackberry if your organization demands it. The Curve series range starts at about Rs 9k, while the latest Bold 9900 with an amazing touchscreen and QWERTY is available for around Rs 30k.

If the email setup at your workplace isn't locked to one type of device, we suggest you check out the Nokia E- series smartphones as well, particularly the new Nokia E6 (touch + QWERTY) and the slightly ageing but still brilliant E72.
If you are still confused which smartphone suits you the best, read our:
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MUSICS




Po Nee Po Tamil Song Lyrics With English Translation



The Best Tamil songs collection part 1 (audio only)



A R Rahman's most wanted melodies of 90s part 2



Super Hit Non Stop Tamil Songs



Music Live

Introduction
 
Every student of Hindustani Classical Music usually begins his formal training with ragas like Yaman and Bhoop. He is then introduced to other ragas like Durga, Bhimpalas, Kafi, Bihag and Malkauns. In case you ever wondered, what is special about these ragas that make them ideal candidates for being taught to newbies, this article helps explain it. It is important to note that the ragas mentioned above are by no means ‘simple’ as one can easily tell listening to masterful renditions of these ragas by vocal or instrumental maestros. Extremely complex and intricate note patterns can be woven in these presumably simple ragas. Every raga is an ocean in itself and the complexity level that it can be taken to is limited only by the capacity of the artist rendering it. As such, this discussion is not about determining why certain ragas are simple and certain others are complex because in reality, there is no such thing as a ‘simple’ raga.

That said, it is still a widely acclaimed fact that certain ragas make ideal candidates for beginner students while yet others are usually abstained from being taught until the student has had a few years of rigorous training. This article attempts to discuss the factors that are instrumental in classifying a raga as ‘beginner’ or ‘advanced’.

Misconceptions

It is common belief that ‘shuddha swar’ ragas are easier on beginners than ‘komal swar’ ragas. This is however, not a universal rule. An excellent example illustrating this fact is raga Malkauns, a pentatonic raga. Out of the 5 swars that go to make this raga, 3 are of the ‘komal’ nature. Nevertheless, Malkauns is absorbed and reproduced with ease by beginners! Other ragas such Kafi and Bhimpalas which also employ 2 komal swars each, are common ‘beginner’ ragas. Conversely, if a raga contains all shuddha swars, it does not necessarily become a default choice for beginners. For example, while Bhoop and Durga are favorite choices for novices, other ragas like Bhinna Shadaj and Hansadhwani are not taught until much later. We can therefore argue that it is not the shuddha or komal nature of notes that ultimately decides whether a particular raga can qualify as a ‘beginner’ raga.

Note Separation
In order to understand what makes a raga easy or hard to reproduce for beginners, we must first understand how the 12 notes (7 shuddha, 1 teevra and 4 komal notes) in an octave are situated in relation to each other. The following illustration depicts their placement albeit in an overly simplistic manner. The reason we say that is because although we consider each octave to consist of 12 notes, each note is further comprised of multiple microtones or shrutis. Thus, there are altogether 22 microtones in any given octave. Each microtone is essentially at a particular frequency. Since each of the 7 basic notes (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha and Ni) have different number of microtones, the difference in frequencies of two adjacent notes is not uniform throughout the octave, adding to the complexity in understanding the situation. To keep matters simple though, we will discuss only in terms of the 12 notes as depicted below. (Throughout this discussion, all shuddha swars are denoted using uppercase letters whereas all komal swars and the teevra maddhyam are denoted by lowercase letters.)

S
r
R
g
G
M
m
P
d
D
n
N
S’
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

It is important to note that the terms ‘easy’ and ‘difficult’ as mentioned in the following paragraphs refer to the ability of a student (or lack thereof) to accurately reproduce the notes of any given raga. A raga belonging to the ‘easy’ spectrum comprises of notes that are separated by a distance of 1 or 2 notes. As the distance between 2 consecutive notes in a raga increases beyond 2, the raga slowly moves away from an ‘easy’ (beginner) to more of a ‘difficult’ (advanced) spectrum. As the distance increases even further to 4 or 5 notes, the huge gap between 2 consecutive notes of the raga in question makes it very hard to reproduce and certainly does not remain a beginner’s cup-of-tea.

Let us consider the example of ragas Bhoop and Hansadhwani to help explain this concept. Both these ragas are pentatonic in nature and consist of all shuddha swars. The notes comprising raga Bhoop are S R G P D S’ while those comprising raga Hansadhwani are S R G P N S’. In effect, the D in Bhoop is replaced by N in Hansadhwani. How does a single note shift change a hard-core beginner raga (Bhoop) to one that is not easy for a beginner student to sing (Hansadhwani)? This can easily be explained using the table given above. While P and D are separated by 1 note (‘d’) in Bhoop, P and N are separated by 3 notes (‘d’, ‘D’, ‘n’) in the case of Hansadhwani. This gap makes it difficult for a beginner to reproduce these notes with the correct tonal accuracy. The chasm is further widened in case for raga ‘Shree’ (ascent – S r m P N S) where we have 4 notes separating ‘r’ from ‘m’, thereby making it an outcast from the ‘beginner raga’ collection.

Conversely, if a raga has 3 or more notes situated right beside each other, the complexity of the raga increases manifold. An example is that of raga Lalit flaunting the G-M-m cluster. As can be seen from the table given above, these three notes are in close proximity to each other making it hard for a newbie to reproduce the exact tonal frequencies. Another example is raga Ramkali with its m-P-d(-n-d-P-m-P) cluster.

Chalan

The other important aspect that disqualifies ragas from being taught to beginners is the ‘chalan’ of a raga. The word ‘chalan’ literally means ‘movement’ of the raga and defines how raga progression can occur. In certain ragas with complex chalan, notes need to be sung in a certain order. In other words, there are restrictions on which notes can follow or precede certain other notes. A simple example is raga Bilaskhani Todi with aroha - S r g P d S’ and avaroha – r’ n d M g r S. The shuddha maddhyam is completely skipped in the ascent while the descent cold shoulders the pancham. Other examples of ragas with complex chalan are ragas Bhatiyar and Ramkali that are meant only for fairly advanced students.

Microtones
Furthermore, there are ragas that employ specific microtones that are difficult to reproduce for the untrained voice. A striking example is raga Marwa. Although Marwa has its constituent notes spaced out fairly evenly and has a straightforward ascending and descending order (’N r G m D N S’ / r’ N D m G r S), one of the aspects that makes it a complex raga to sing is the presence of the flatter-than-normal komal rishabh. This microtone is of a frequency situated between the regular komal rishabh and the shadja and lies very close to the shadja. Accurate placement of this shruti is not possible without prolonged and intensive training in classical music. Other examples of ragas that employ swar shrutis that are flatter or sharper than normal are ragas Miyan ki Malhar (employing a sharper-than-normal komal gandhar) and Darbari Kanada (employing a flatter-than-normal komal gandhar).

Last but not the least, ragas that employ peculiar note treatments like oscillation or ‘andolan’ on one or more of its constituent notes also fall outside of the beginner’s spectrum of ragas. ‘Andolan’ begins at an adjacent note and repeatedly lands on the note that is being oscillated upon (called the ‘andolit’ swar). In this process it touches all the intermittent microtones giving a resounding effect. Examples are ragas Bhairav (andolit swar - komal rishabh and komal dhaivat) and Darbari Kanada (andolit swar – komal gandhar).

Conclusion

It is apparent from the foregoing discussion that the simplest ragas to reproduce for beginners are the ones in which all constituent notes are spread out fairly evenly, have a straightforward ascent and descent and are devoid of the presence of unusual microtones or special note treatments like ‘andolan’. Once we cross this realm, ragas exhibit varying levels of complexity and tend to become harder to master. Such ragas are best attempted slowly and steadily after a student has put in several long hours of rigorous training and riyaaz under the watchful eyes of a qualified Guru.

Today the quintessential voice of Hindustani, nay, Indian, Classical Music has been lost to this world. Pandit Bhimsen Joshi-ji passed away this morning at Pune in India at the age of 88. To define Bhimsenji in terms of his Kirana Gharana would be a futile attempt at marking the man and his magic. His art transcended the fineries of Gharana definitions - his became a style all his own. To a majority of lovers of Khyal music his voice, his singing style became the benchmark by which they informed their musical sensibilities. 

My own awakening to classical music came through his singing. I remember from a very early age being struck by his song "Ketaki Ghulab Juhi” performed with Manna Dey in the film Basant Bahar. My re-introduction to the UK classical music scene on my return there in 1985 was through a series of his concerts in London which led to my long association with Jay Visva Deva of Sama Arts Network which in turn led to the eventual creation of the Navras Records label in 1992. My own late father's utter devotion to Ustad Abdul Karim Khan Saheb's music (Bhimsenji's Guru's Guruji) also must have had some subconscious influences on me. Whichever way I look at it, my absorption in Hindustani music had the aura of Bhimsen Joshi bestowing its magic on my sensibilities. 

So today I deeply mourn the loss of this legendary maestro, a lion among vocalists, and yet a rare Maestro who had no ego, no tantrums, just a lot of quiet dignity, a man of simple needs and no demands! He was at peace with his achievements and his craft in that he did not seek any approvals, any awards. Even during his performances, at the end of each item, he would not wait for the applause to die down before he would move on into the start of his next rendering - so un-preoccupied he was with his own ego. Once when barely 100 people turned up at a busy week day concert of his in London, responding to an apologetic promoter he simply said it did not matter to him if there were 10, 100 or a 1,000 people in his audience. He would be still giving them his utmost! He would not be affected or offended by the size of his audience. 

I had the privilege of attending the Sawai Gandharva Festival at Pune some years back when he just resumed performing there after a break of a year or two due to his brain tumour and subsequent surgery. He was rather shaky in his performance - his voice was weak and trembling a bit - but the audience was just happy to see him sing and with tears in their eyes and as if saying to him, "don't worry Panditji - we know what you are trying to sing and that's all we are hearing the way it always was.." When I went to bid him farewell at the end of the festival he just said to me "Baxi Saheb, maine theek to gaya na?" - (Baxi Saheb, was my singing okay?) - a legend asking a simple listener like me and that was the measure of his innate humility! Despite scaling such heights he was still willing to submit to being judged by his audience as the ultimate determinant of his prowess! And from that state of his health he recovered his usual gusto and virtuosity with some more gems of performances, including the "Tapasya" concert (October 2001 at Mumbai’s Shanmukhananda Hall) released by Navras on CD and DVD. 

Pandit Bhimsen Joshi was born in Gadag (now in the state of Karnataka) on 4th February 1922, well away from the main centres of activity of Hindustani music, and with no family tradition of professional music-making to build on. Legend tells of how, determining on a musical quest, he left home at the age of 11 and travelled over much of the subcontinent, learning his art from several masters in musical centres such as Gwalior, Lucknow and Rampur. Best known as a disciple of the renowned singer Sawai Gandharva Rambhau Kundgolkar, Bhimsen Joshi has been consequently regarded as a representative of the Kirana gharana made famous by Sawai Gandharva's guru, Ustad Abdul Karim Khan. 

Bhimsen Joshi has been performing in public since the age of 19, both in India and abroad, till around 2007. It is a measure of his stature in the Indian music world that he has received such high national honours as the Sangeet Natak Academy Award, the Padma Shree and Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and the Bharat Ratna (The Gem of India). This last and the rarest of honours ever given by the Indian Government was bestowed upon him so late in his life as to almost make it a travesty. I hope the powers that be will remember this and do not make such omissions in the future to such deserving individuals. 

He has earned the respect of all for his musicianship, and for the immense power and majesty of his performances. For many he epitomised this aspect of musical expression, the grandeur of the serious Hindustani ragas, although he is also appreciated as a singer of the devotional bhajans and other light classical genres such as the Thumri. His voice, style and sheer presence are instantly recognisable, his performances amongst the essential experiences of Indian music. The Navras Catalogue contains 13 CD titles (20 discs) and one DVD title of Panditji, including some rather rarely performed ragas from his repertoire. A special 2 volume Tribute Album comprising of tracks from various Navras albums of Bhimsenji will be uploaded for digital download on platforms such as I-Tunes and E-Music by the end of this week under the title “The Voice of India : Pandit Bhimsen Joshi - A Tribute”. Physical CD sets will be available in a couple of months’ time. 

We have been greatly privileged to have been blessed with his presence on our Catalogue and in our musical lives. No doubt a very major presence in the annals of Indian Classical Music, his music and presence will remain forever in the minds and hearts of all music lovers.

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Soccer Rules-Rules Of Soccer


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Soccer rules (rules of soccer), rules for soccer, soccer rules and regulations, the rules of soccer and soccer rules for kids.
Rules of soccer, rules for soccer, youth soccer rules, the soccer offside rule and soccer age rules are explained.
The official soccer rules are often difficult to understand. Following are simplified soccer rules and links to the complete soccer rules. The official soccer rules are often modified for recreational, youth and indoor soccer leagues. SoccerHelp has helped make these rules easier to understand. 




Who makes the rules? The official soccer rules are called the "Laws of the Game" and are revised annually (usually in July) by FIFA (pronounced "FEE' fuh"), the world soccer governing body, but youth organizations usually adjust the rules to fit children. Typical adjustments are field sizes, game lengths, number of players per team, the number and frequency of substitutions, "offside" is sometimes not called, and slide tackling is sometimes not allowed. Field sizes, ball sizes, length of games & rules vary by age group. The FIFA rules do not require separate teams for girls and boys, but many soccer clubs and associations have separate leagues for boys and girls. Discuss the rule variations with an official of your league. You can find the "Laws of the Game" at FIFA.com (on the FIFA Home Page enter "Laws" in the search feature). 
Why is it necessary to simplify and interpret the rules? In brief, the "Laws of the Game" are not simple and can be difficult to understand. The official FIFA rules have 17 sections and the rule book is about 70 pages long. There are also an additional 44 pages titled "Questions and Answers". In addition, how to interpret the rules is discussed in referee clinics, special memos, videos for referees, and a guidebook for soccer officials that is over 300 pages long. There is also the problem that the rules use many soccer terms that are not defined in the rules (we try to define all of these terms in the SoccerHelp Dictionary) and there are quirks, such as the fact that terms which are commonly used such as "Hand Ball", "obstruction", and "Linesmen" are not defined in the official rules. Another confusing aspect of the rules is the way "Fouls" are defined; basically, they are defined not only as "Fouls" but also in the rules regarding "Cards". For this reason, to understand "Fouls" you must also read "Cards". One of the biggest problems is that the official rules don't have a good index and there aren't good cross-links to related topics. At SoccerHelp we have tried to solve these problems by simplifying the rules and providing easy to use the links so you can go from one topic to another. In some cases, such as for "offside", we have even provided a simplified explanation and a more detailed definition. 

Specific questions or topics: If you have a specific question, we suggest you start below. For example, if you want to read about fouls, start at "Fouls" and then read "Cards" and follow the links. Keep in mind that many of the rules are designed to promote Fair Play and to prevent players from being hurt. 

For an overview of the official rules: If you want an overview of the official rules, we suggest you go to FIFA.com and review the Table of Contents of the "Laws of the Game" (on the FIFA Home Page enter "Laws" in the search feature). 
Keep in mind that most youth leagues, women's leagues and adult recreational leagues modify the rules: In the topics listed below we mention the typical modifications to the rules that are made by most youth leagues. The modifications that are made are usually to make matches more fun (e.g., smaller fields), safer (e.g., no slide tackling), more evenly matched or to promote a better learning environment (for example, by playing "small sided").

Links To Simplified Soccer Rules: (We have started most of these topics with the word "soccer" so they can be found by the search engines. Except for the first four, they are in alphabetical order.) 


Soccer Cards


There are 2 colors of "cards" which the referee will hold up to indicate serious fouls or behavior which won't be tolerated. He carries these cards in his shirt pocket, so if he reaches for his pocket it's a bad sign for the player who committed the foul. These cards are about the size of a playing card and one is yellow and the other is red. When a card is to be given (it isn't actually given to the offending player, it is actually just shown to him and to everyone else) the referee will stop the game, call the player over, hold up the card and write the player's name in his notebook. This is called "booking" the player and when it happens the player has been "booked", (e.g., "she was booked"). Any time a Yellow or Red Card is shown, a "direct" or "indirect kick" will also be awarded. (See "Fouls", "Deck" & "Booking"). Yellow Card - Indicates a formal "caution" for any of the following 7 offenses:
  1. "unsporting behavior" - this includes hard fouls; holding an opponent or deliberately handling the ball for the purpose of preventing an opponent from gaining possession of the ball; faking an injury; saying things that are designed to confuse or distract an opponent; harassment (such as jumping around, shouting or making gestures to intentionally distract an opponent; jumping in front of a corner kick, free kick or throw-in; worrying the goalkeeper or trying to prevent him from putting the ball into play; & adopting a threatening posture), gaining an unfair advantage by leaning on, climbing on the back of, or holding a teammate or the goal; blatant cases of holding and pulling an opposing player or his uniform; any action designed to deceive the Referee; and behavior which in the Referee's judgment is unsporting or causes an unfair advantage,
  2. dissent by word or actions,
  3. persistently breaking the rules,
  4. delaying the restart of play,
  5. defenders failing to stay the proper distance away from the kicker on a corner kick, free kick or throw-in (see "Corner Kick" & "Free Kick"),
  6. entering or re-entering the field without the referee's permission
  7. deliberately leaving the field without the referees permission.
A player who receives 2 Yellow Cards is given a Red Card & ejected. FIFA rules do not require a player to leave the field for the first yellow card. However, some leagues' rules do. You must go by your league's rules. (See "Yellow Card" & "Worrying The Goalkeeper"). Red Card - A player must be shown a Red Card and "sent off" (i.e., made to leave the field) for the 7 offenses listed below. A player shown a "Red Card" & sent off may not be replaced during that game (i.e., his team must play a player "short" for the rest of the game; however, in some leagues a player may be replaced if he is ejected for receiving a second Yellow Card). The 7 offenses for which a player must be shown a Red Card and sent off are:
  1. serious foul play (includes any use of excessive force or brutality against an opponent when challenging for the ball. Examples include a dangerous slide tackle from behind, or an "over the top tackle" in which a player raises his foot so the cleats could hit a player, or a two footed tackle that takes down the opponent. FIFA has broadened this definition by saying that "Any player who lunges at an opponent in challenging for the ball from the front, from the side or from behind using one or both legs, with excessive force and endangering the safety of an opponent is guilty of serious foul play. For current rules visit www.fifa.com, Laws of the Game. The above quote is from Questions and Answers, Additional Instructions for Referees). The rules now include "Decision 4", which says: "A tackle, which endangers the safety of an opponent, must be sanctioned as serious foul play".
  2. violent conduct,
  3. spitting at anyone,
  4. deliberately touching the ball with a hand in order to prevent a goal or to deny an obvious goal scoring opportunity (such as to prevent a "Breakaway".... this does not apply to the goalkeeper within his own Penalty Box)
  5. fouling an opponent to prevent an obvious goal scoring opportunity (e.g., holding to stop a breakaway),
  6. using offensive, insulting or threatening language and/or gestures,
  7. or receiving a second yellow card in one game.


Soccer Fouls


There are 2 kinds of fouls, Direct Kick Fouls & Indirect Kick Fouls. (Rules are called "Laws Of The Game" and are changed each year. Go to www.fifa.com. for current rules. See "Cards" for more fouls & penalties):
(1)    Direct Kick Fouls - For which the other team receives a "direct free kick" (meaning a goal can be scored by kicking the ball straight into the goal) or a "penalty kick" ("PK") if the foul occurs within the Penalty Box (Note: It doesn't matter whether the ball was in the Penalty Box or not; what matters is where the foul was committed). There are 10 direct kick fouls. The rules say that the referee should call a foul for numbers 1 thru 6 if he believes they are committed in a manner he considers "careless, reckless or using excessive force":
  1. kicking or attempting to kick an opponent. Accidentally kicking an opponent while tackling the ball is not a foul unless it was careless, reckless, or there was excessive force. If a player slide tackles from the front, it will be considered at least "dangerous play" (which is an indirect kick foul), or kicking, or tripping, or "unsporting behavior", even if the ball is contacted, since it would at the least be reckless or dangerous. (See "Cards, Red Card, Serious Foul Play")
  2. tripping or attempting to trip an opponent (if careless, reckless or using excessive force),
  3. charging into an opponent (the goalkeeper can also be called for this if his action is careless, reckless or uses excessive force),
  4. striking or attempting to strike an opponent (if careless, reckless or using excessive force),
  5. pushing an opponent, including the goalkeeper (if careless, reckless or using excessive force),
  6. jumping at an opponent in a careless or reckless manner or using excessive force (this includes jumping for a header if an opponent is carelessly or recklessly bumped, and jumping at the goalkeeper),
  7. blatant holding or pulling (including holding clothing, using any part of the body to hold an opponent & "Sandwiching"),
  8. making contact with an opponent before touching the ball when tackling an opponent to gain possession of the ball (Note: it is always a foul if the tackler contacts the ballhandler before touching the ball. However, it can still be a direct kick foul if the ball is touched first but the tackler was "careless, reckless, or used excessive force" and was judged to have kicked, tripped, charged or jumped at the ballhandler. Or, if the Referee believes the tackler played in a "dangerous manner", an indirect kick can be awarded),
  9. spitting at an opponent, even if it doesn't hit the opponent (this is grounds for a Red Card),
  10. deliberately handling the ball (a "hand ball" should not be called if a player is instinctively trying to protect himself from injury or if the ball hits the hand while it is in a natural position near the players side and has not been moved toward the ball. See "Hand Ball" for more details; this does not apply to the goalkeeper inside his own penalty area.),
(2)   Indirect Kick Fouls - For which the other team receives an "indirect free kick" (meaning a goal only counts if another player touches the ball before it enters the goal). The indirect free kick is taken from where the offense occurred. There are 2 types of indirect kick fouls:
a.   Four that apply to all players:
  1. "Dangerous Play" (or playing in a dangerous manner) is any action by a player that in the judgment of the Referee is dangerous to himself or to another player and that isn't a "direct kick foul" such as tripping. Examples would be a high kick when an opponent is nearby, or if a player tries to head a low ball that an opponent is trying to kick, then the player who is putting himself in danger would be guilty of dangerous play. Another example would be any action that might endanger the goalkeeper within the Penalty Box. If the goalkeeper and an opponent both go for a loose ball, the Referee will tend to favor the goalkeeper if there is a collision. It isn't necessary for someone to be hurt for dangerous play to be called. For example, slide tackling with spikes high would be dangerous play, even if the opponent isn't contacted. However, a dangerous act (such as a high kick) isn't "dangerous play" unless an opponent is nearby.
  2. "Impeding the Progress of an Opponent". Generally, a player cannot use his body to impede another players movements, even if it is not deliberate. This can be called if a player is not within "playing distance" of the ball (i.e., 3 feet) and block's an opponent's movement or screens an opponent from the ball. However, if a player is within playing distance & able to play the ball (meaning not lying on the ground), the player can legally screen an opponent from the ball. (You usually see this when a ball is going out of bounds & the player whose team will get the throw-in screens the opponent so the opponent can't save the ball). Impeding the progress of an opponent used to be called "obstruction". The rule also applies to "innocently" impeding the goalkeeper by standing in front of him when he has the ball.
  3. Preventing the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands. A player who attempts to prevent the Goalkeeper from putting the ball into play by standing directly in front of the Goalkeeper can be called for breaking this rule or for "unsporting behavior", in which case both a Yellow Card & an indirect kick would be awarded. (See "Cards")
  4. Any time a yellow or red card is shown & a direct kick isn't awarded (e.g., for "unsporting behavior", "dissent", persistently breaking the rules, and offensive or threatening language; see "Cards" for a list of the many types of unsporting behavior).
b.   Four indirect kick fouls that only apply to the goalkeeper and only if committed inside the Penalty Box (the goalkeeper is treated like a regular field player when he is outside the Penalty Box -- the Penalty Box includes the line that defines the Box, so if the ball is on the line it is still within the Penalty Box):
  1. # Controlling the ball with his hands for more than six (6) seconds before releasing it from his possession (releasing it can include throwing it, kicking it or dropping it to the ground and then kicking or dribbling it. Once released, it is "live"). (Notice that this only applies to the time he actually has possession of the ball, and not to when he might have first touched it by blocking a shot).
  2. Touching the ball with hands after it is deliberately kicked to the Goalkeeper by a teammate. (Note: It is okay to pick up an accidentally kicked ball, such as a mis-kick, or a pass from a teammate that isn't "kicked" but is made using the head, chest, knee, etc.).
  3. Touching the ball with his hands after he has received it directly on a throw-in from a teammate (i.e., the goalkeeper can't pick up a throw-in from a teammate).
  4. Intentionally touching the ball with his hands after he has released it from his possession and before it has touched another player (e.g., dropping the ball, dribbling it and then picking it back up is not allowed -- however, if he accidentally dropped it, it might be okay to pick it back up, the decision would be up to the Referee). Read b.2 and b.3 above. If the Goalkeeper "possesses" the ball and "releases" it, then he can only handle it again after an opponent touches it, or if it is accidentally kicked back or headed or chested back by a teammate. He can't pick it up if a teammate has intentionally kicked or thrown it to him. Notice that this rule only applies if he actually has "possession" of the ball, and not, for example, if he blocks touches a shot with his hands and then picks up the ball to "control" it. So, the important words here are "possession" and "released" -- under this rule just touching the ball isn't the same thing as having "possession" of the ball. However, in terms of protecting the Goalkeeper's safety, some referees will consider the Goalkeeper to have the ball under his control if he even has one finger on it -- this is to discourage attackers from trying to kick the ball out of the Keeper's hands.
Advantage Clause.   This rule states that the Referee, in his discretion, may decide to not stop play due to a foul if it would be to the advantage to the fouled team to not stop play (i.e., The concept is that the team that was fouled should not be punished by having an attack stopped which might result in a goal and, conversely, that the team which committed the foul should not gain an advantage as a result of the foul). (See "Advantage Clause").
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How to Get a Job
1 Revise your resume. Before you start job hunting, make sure that your resume is as complete and up-to-date as possible. Here are a few tips to consider:

Be honest. Never lie on your resume; it will come back to haunt you later.
Use active verbs. When describing what you did at your last job, make the sentence as tight and active as possible. For instance, instead of saying "Served as patient contact for getting bills and contacting insurance," say "Liaised with patients and insurance companies, and managed financial transactions."
Proofread. Review your resume several times for grammatical or spelling errors. Have one or two other people look at it as well.
Keep the formatting clean. How your resume looks is almost as important as how it reads. Use a simple, classic font (such as Times New Roman, Arial or Helvetica), black ink on white paper, and sufficiently wide margins (about 1" on each side). Use bold or italic lettering sparingly if at all, and ensure your name and contact information are prominently displayed. Jobbook.com has a built-in resume creator that is quite good.
See Related wikiHows for more help.

2 Network. The best companies to work for tend to rely heavily (up to 40%) on employee referrals.[1] Make a list of all of your friends, relatives, and acquaintances. Contact them one by one and ask them if they know of any openings for which they could recommend you. Don't be too humble or apologetic. Tell them what you're looking for, but let them know you're flexible and open to suggestions. This is not the time to be picky about jobs; a connection can get your foot in the door, and you can negotiate pay or switch positions once you've gained experience and established your reputation.

Touch base with all of your references. The purpose of this is twofold. You can ask them for leads, and you'll also be refreshing their memory of you. (Hopefully their memories of you are good ones, or else you shouldn't be listing them as references.) If a potential employer calls them, they won't hesitate as much when remembering you.
Keep in mind that, as with dating, "weak" personal connections are the best way to find a new job because they expand your network beyond options you're already aware of. You probably know all about your sister's company, and you know that if they were hiring she would tell you; but what about your sister's friend's company? Don't be afraid to ask the friend of a friend or another slightly removed acquaintance for recommendations during your job search.

3 Volunteer. If you aren't already, start volunteering for an organization that focuses on something you're passionate about. You may start out doing boring or easy work, but as you stick around and demonstrate your commitment, you'll be given more responsibilities. Not only will you be helping others, but you'll also be gaining references. Emphasize your volunteer experience on your resume, as companies that treat their employees well tend to favor candidates who help the community somehow.[1]

4 Develop your personal elevator pitch. Many structured interviews, particularly those at large companies, start with a question like "Tell me about yourself." The interviewer doesn't really want you to go back to grade school and talk about your childhood. This is a specific question with a right answer: in two minutes or so, the interviewer wants to get you to relax and loosen out your vocal cords, understand your background, your accomplishments, why you want to work at XYZ company and what your future goals are.

5 Prepare for a behavioral interview. You might be asked to describe problems you've encountered in the past and how you handled them, or you'll be given a hypothetical situation and asked what you would do. They'll basically want to know how you'll perform when faced with obstacles in the position you're interviewing for. Be able to give honest, detailed examples from your past, even if the question is hypothetical (e.g. "I would contact the customer directly, based on my past experience in a different situation in which the customer was very pleased to receive a phone call from the supervisor"). You might find yourself listing facts--if so, remember that in this kind of interview, you need to tell a story. Some questions you might be asked are:

"Describe a time you had to work with someone you didn't like."
"Tell me about a time when you had to stick by a decision you had made, even though it made you very unpopular."
"Give us an example of something particularly innovative that you have done that made a difference in the workplace."
"How would you handle an employee who's consistently late?"

6 Research the company. Don't just do an Internet search, memorize their mission, and be done with it. If it's a retail company, visit a few of their stores, observe the customers, and even strike up a few conversations. Talk to existing employees--ask them what it's like working there, how long the position has been open, and what you can do to increase your chances of getting it. Become familiar with the history of the company. Who started it? Where? Who runs it now? Be creative, and out-do the other candidates.

7 Settle down. If you've moved around a lot, be prepared to offer a good reason for it. Otherwise, you'll need to make a good case for why you want to stick around in the area where the job is located. A company doesn't want to hire someone with wanderlust who still wants to relocate. Be prepared to outline why you are where you are today, how long you intend to stay there, and why. Give specific reasons like, "This country has the best school systems in the entire continent, and I have a daughter who might find the cure for cancer" or "I was drawn to this area because it's at the cutting edge of innovation for this business and I want to be a part of that." The more details, names, and specifics, the better.

8 Make a list of work-related skills you'd like to learn. Your employer will be interested in hearing about how you intend to become a better employee. Think about which skills will make you more competent in the position you're applying for. Public speaking, project management, team leading, and computer programs are usually beneficial. Find some books and upcoming conferences that would significantly improve your abilities. In an interview, tell the employer what you're reading and learning, and that you'd like to continue doing so. This is a list of the 7 most important job skills, wanted by employers, that a job-seeker must have to be sure of landing a good job and just as importantly, keeping it. These are just some of the top skills employers want. Take note of these skills which demonstrate how to get the job and be successful in your every job seeking endeavor. From Your-Career-Change.com.

The ability to find relevant information: Job-seekers should possess the ability to systematically find relevant information through research not because they want a research job, but in order to do effective searches for the data needed by a particular activity.
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